What do we learn about public lighti

单选题 It is projected that the urban population will increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: A, 以此为准)

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单选题 Additionally, individuals can be guided to the closest exits and secure areas.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】【试题选项缺失，请补充】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail.

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单选题 With the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static entities made of steel and concrete.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: F, 以此为准)

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单选题 Furthermore, in the event of an emergency anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be redirected through alternative routes to minimize disruption to the surrounding areas.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: G, 以此为准)

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单选题 The concept of smart cities, where infrastructure is interconnected through software, is not a new one, but it is unquestionably impressive.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: C, 以此为准)

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单选题 As an increasing number of cities in China embark on their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: D, 以此为准)

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单选题 However, the urban lifestyle model primarily focused on the technological, demographic, and infrastructural requirements of late 20th-century life.【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: B, 以此为准)

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单选题 What factors contribute to the potential for this idea to become a widely accepted benchmark for evaluating the quality of life in modern developed cities?【仅支持A-H选项，选项超出支持范围】

A、As China is transitioning to a modernized nation and has become a benchmark of economic progress, the rate of urbanization has accelerated to unparalleled levels. The population living in cities has been projected to increase to nearly 70 percent by 2050. In fact, urbanization is reshaping not only the physical environment but also the cultural fabric of society and has a massive impact on the economy.

B、Nevertheless, the model of urban life mainly revolved around the technological, demographic, and infrastructural needs of life in the late 20th century. As such, it has been predominantly dependent on the abundance and easy availability of fossil fuels. We can appreciate that this dependence has caused a waste of resources and has made a devastating impact on the environment and public health. It has led to excess and waste-prone development that proves to be detrimental. Therefore, the traditional model of urbanization is outdated and unsustainable. Currently, the only way to avoid the problem from being escalated is through building "smart cities", in contemporary jargon.

C、The idea of smart cities – infrastructure interlinked by software – isn't new, but it's undeniably cool. Who wouldn't want to live somewhere where data and evidence, rather than intuitive thinking, are used to actively improve their day-to-day lives? In a sense, a smart city can be defined as one that makes optimal use of all the interconnected information available to better understand and control its operations and to optimize the use of limited resources.

D、From the perspective of the inhabitants, a smart city is equated to a space that has all the core functionality of a city integrated with and enhanced by technology to deliver a sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive future for its citizens. With more and more Chinese cities starting their "smart city" transformations, the idea will be increasingly embraced.

E、Why can such an idea be poised to become a common standard of assessment of life in modern developed cities? There are a variety of factors and reasons. Generally speaking, cities are the core engines of growth for all modern societies. They provide numerous benefits to people – they are places where people have more opportunities to seek various jobs, enjoy the convenience of public transit, share abundant resources, and access lavish facilities.

F、Another important reason is the swift rise of smartphones, cellular broadband, and low-power-high-efficiency embedded computing. Everything from business to human social life has changed. The parameters of what constitutes a smart city have also changed with it. With the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and AI, cities are no longer static masses of steel and concrete, instead, they have the potential to become highly efficient, safe, well-designed, and enjoyable.

G、Therefore, some key features of a smart city can be efficient design, maximization of green spaces, minimization of traffic jams, sustainability of infrastructure and buildings, in-depth monitoring of every data point that can be obtained through sensors to enable optimal safety, and effective access to facilities with minimal waste. In addition, when an emergency occurs anywhere in the city, regular traffic can be routed through alternate routes to ensure minimum disruption of life in the surrounding areas.

H、In other words, what is being imagined about smart cities now is based on such a hypothesis: Living places are built around the convenience of human life, with technology integrated into every facet from design to construction, monitoring functionality, and maintenance. Entire urban areas are built to maximize green areas and ensure the smoothest flow of traffic. As a result, it is possible to fine-tune operation to the minutest detail. 【I. I.To elaborate, if a fire breaks out in a building, not only can the inhabitants be immediately alerted through their smartphones, but they can also be directed to the nearest exits and safe spaces. Furthermore, the message of the incident will be instantaneously conveyed throughout the system, and thus the building's safety measures can be implemented right away. On top of that, emergency search and rescue services can be dispatched within a moment's notice, and their path through traffic can be cleared and an optimal route provided.】【J. J.The possibilities for similar improvements and enhancements in all aspects of urban life are immense. However, neither tangible nor intangible improvements to the quality of life are just within grasp, as many large cities are becoming unmanageable. The goal, ultimately, is to rid cities of the traditional problems and create fabulous living spaces where the inhabitants feel safe, comfortable, and productive without unnecessary or undesirable hurdles.】【K. K.To that end, China has been investing billions in designing and defining the standards of the future, from 5G technology to IoT, striving to evoke the best response from the public for its remarkable projects. Foreseeably, this will benefit not only China, but also the world.】【L. L.China's southern city of Shenzhen has been one of the pioneering cities seeking to build a smart city. Another remarkable step on the nation's development roadmap is the massive Jing-Jin-Ji (namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban cluster, which aims to optimize the economic structure in the area, streamline many aspects of urban life, and achieve a new mode of coordinated growth. All this will be invaluable for future urban design, since development in the coming years and decades will be modeled on the results achieved now. There is no doubt that China will continue to advance in the development of smart cities.】 (正确答案: E, 以此为准)

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单选题 What do we learn about public lighting?