单选题 The direction of an intracardiac shunt at the atrial level is controlled by:

A、 The size of the defect

B、 The compliance of the right and left ventricles.

C、 The systemic oxygen saturation.

D、 Right atrial pressure.

E、 The presence or absence of an associated ventricular septal defect (VSD).

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单选题 In patients who develop a documented episode of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) the most significant long-term sequela is

A、 Claudication.

B、 Recurrent foot infections.

C、 Development of stasis ulcer.

D、 Pulmonary embolization.

E、 Diminished arterial perfusion.

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单选题 Which of the following is/are true of blunt renal trauma?

A、 Blunt renal trauma and penetrating renal injuries are managed similarly.

B、 Blunt renal trauma with urinary extravasation always requires surgical exploration.

C、 Blunt renal trauma must be evaluated by contrast studies using either IVP or CT.

D、 Blunt renal trauma requires exploration only when the patient exhibits hemodynamic instability.

E、 Any kidney fractured by blunt renal trauma must be explored.

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单选题 The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating cardiac injury is:

A、 Left anterior thoracotomy.

B、 Right anterior thoracotomy.

C、 Bilateral anterior thoracotomy.

D、 Median sternotomy.

E、 Subxyphoid.

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单选题 Complete excision of a brain abscess used to be the preferred method of treatment, and it is still performed occasionally today. Most commonly, now, a brain abscess is treated by:

A、 Systemic antibiotic administration.

B、 Aspiration and drainage of the abscess through a small opening in the skull.

C、 Injection of antibiotics into the abscess.

D、 Aspiration and drainage of the abscess plus systemic antibiotic administration.

E、 Marsupialization of the abscess.

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单选题 Which of the following statements are true?

A、 The Hoffmann-Tinel sign localizes the level of a nerve injury.

B、 Causalgia is a term used to denote the etiology of pain.

C、 Secondary repair of a lacerated nerve 3 to 8 weeks after injury has several advantages.

D、 A surgeon who finds at delayed (3 to 8 weeks) exploration that a clinically non functioning nerve is in continuity should resect the injured portion of the nerve and suture together the ends.

E、 If a nerve is found to be disrupted at delayed (3 to 8 weeks) exploration, the surgeon should find the two ends of the nerve and suture them together.

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单选题 Stress urinary incontinence:

A、 Is principally a disease of young females.

B、 Occurs only in males.

C、 Is associated with urinary frequency and urgency.

D、 May be corrected by surgically increasing the volume of the bladder.

E、 Is a disease of aging produced by shortening of the urethra.

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单选题 Which is not true of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

A、 Closed chest massage is as effective as open chest massage.

B、 The success rate for out-of-hospital resuscitation may be as high as 30% to 60%.

C、 The most common cause of sudden death is ischemic heart disease.