美国文学复习

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作家与作品连线： Washington Irving : The Sketch Book Ralph Waldo Emerson : Nature Nathaniel Hawthorne : The Scarlet Letter Walt Whitman : Leaves of Grass Mark Twain : The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn O. Henry : The Gift of the Magi Jack London : The Call of the Wild Theodore Dreiser : Sister Carrie Ernest Hemingway : The Old Man and the Sea William Faulkner : A Rose for Emily Robert Frost : The Road Not Taken Washington Irving → ① The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ② Rip Van Winkle Emerson → ① Nature ② The American Scholar Hawthorne → ① Young Goodman Brown ② The Scarlet Letter Whitman → ① O Captain! My Captain! ② I Hear America Singing ③ Leaves of Grass Jack London → The Call of the Wild

对比Edwards和Franklin（含图）

对比Whitman和Dickinson（含图）

what's Emerson's contribution to Transcendentalism?

《论美国学者》为何被称为美国精神文化独立的宣言？

<A narrow fellow in the grass>, what's the narrow fellow? what's the theme? （《草中细长的家伙》，这个“细长的家伙”是什么？主题是什么？）

《我听见美国在歌唱》，what's the common features of those people? what's the theme of it? （《我听见美国在歌唱》，那些人的共同特征是什么？它的主题是什么？）

Make a comparison and contrast between Mark Twain & Dickens.（含图）

该段文字选自哪本小说，作家是谁？体现了什么思想？ when a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of viritue and becomes worse.Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. And yet she was interested in her charms, quick to undrestand the keener pleasures of life, ambitious to gain in material things.（含图）

Puritanism (清教主义)

Transcendentalism (超验主义)

Free verse (自由诗)

The Hemingway Hero (海明威式英雄 / 硬汉)

Compose an essay based on one of the American writers we've learned. You may discuss the novel and writing features of the writer. (about 300 words) O. Henry: The Master of Surprise Endings O. Henry, a prominent American short-story writer, is renowned for his unique narrative style, especially the "O. Henry-style ending". He wrote during the early 20th century in New York, and many of his stories reflect the daily struggles of the poor in big cities. His works, like The Gift of the Magi, vividly depict the lives of ordinary people. In this story, a couple sacrifices their most precious possessions for each other. Della sells her beautiful hair to buy a chain for Jim's watch, while Jim sells his watch to get combs for Della's hair. The ending, where their gifts became useless yet full of love, is both unexpected and touching. His other famous story, The Last Leaf, also shows how hope and sacrifice can save a person's life. O. Henry's writing features include vivid character portrayal with simple descriptions, and a keen observation of social reality. He shows the kindness and bitterness in people's lives. His stories often start with ordinary scenes but end with twists, making readers reflect on human nature and life. This kind of surprise ending not only entertains readers but also carries a moral lesson about love, kindness, and human connection. Through his works, we not only enjoy the charm of surprise but also feel the warmth and complexity of the human world. His stories teach us that there is always hope and love, even in difficult times. 中文翻译对照版欧·亨利：反转结局的大师欧·亨利是一位杰出的美国短篇小说作家，以其独特的叙事风格而闻名，尤其是“欧·亨利式结尾”。他在二十世纪初的纽约写作，他的许多故事反映了大城市中穷人的日常挣扎。他的作品，例如《麦琪的礼物》，生动地描绘了普通人的生活。在这个故事中，一对夫妇为了对方牺牲了自己最珍贵的东西。德拉卖掉了她美丽的头发，给吉姆的表买了一条表链；而吉姆卖掉了他的表，给德拉的头发买了梳子。结局是他们的礼物虽然变得毫无用处，却充满了爱，既出人意料又令人感动。他的另一个著名故事《最后一片叶子》，也展示了希望和牺牲是如何挽救一个人生命的。欧·亨利的写作特点包括用简洁的描写生动刻画人物，以及对现实社会敏锐的观察。他展示了人们生活中的善良与苦涩。他的故事通常以平凡的场景开始，但以反转结尾，促使读者反思人性和生活。这种反转结局不仅娱乐读者，还传递了关于爱、善良和人与人之间情感的道德启示。通过他的作品，我们不仅享受到了惊喜的魅力，也感受到了人世间的温暖与复杂。他的故事教会我们，即使在困难时期，也总有希望和爱存在。

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