大学英语［四］阅读理解 (1)

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How do kuakua groups work?

What is a kuakua group?

Why do people come to the kuakua group?

What is NOT the benefit of joining a kuakua group?

What is the attitude of the associate professor toward kuakua groups?

The aging brain resembles the creative brain in several ways. For instance, the aging brain is more distractible and somewhat more disinhibited than the younger brain. Aging brains score better on tests of crystallized IQ and creative brains use crystallized knowledge to make novel and original associations. These changes in the aging brain may make it ideally suited to accomplish work in a number of creative domains. So instead of promoting retirement at age 65, perhaps we as a society should be promoting transition at age 65: transition into a creative field where our growing resource of individuals with aging brains can preserve their wisdom in culturally-valued works of art, music, or writing. In a recent study, psychologist Lynn Hasher and her group at the University of Toronto found that older participants were more distractible than their younger counterparts. However, members of this older, distractible group were also better able to use the distracting information to solve problems presented later in the study. This work, along with other studies on aging and cognition, suggests that the aging brain is characterized by a broadening focus of attention. Numerous studies suggest that highly creative individuals also employ a broadened rather than focused state of attention. This state of widened attention allows the individual to have disparate bits of information in mind at the same time. Combining remote bits of information is the hallmark of the creative idea. Other studies show that certain areas of the prefrontal cortex involved in self-conscious awareness and emotions are thinner in the aging brain. This may correlate with the diminished need to please and impress others, which is a notable characteristic of both aging individuals and creative luminaries. Both older individuals and creative types are more willing to speak their minds and disregard social expectations than are their younger, more conventional counterparts. Finally, intelligence studies indicate that older individuals have access to an increasing store of knowledge gained over a lifetime of learning and experience. Combining bits of knowledge into novel and original ideas is what the creative brain is all about. Thus, having access to the increased internal warehouse of knowledge provides fertile ground for creative activity in the aging brain. Many seniors are already making a mark for themselves in creative fields. Consider Millard Kaufman, who wrote his first novel, the hit book Bowl of Cherries, at age 90. Then there's 93-year-old Lorna Page, who caused waves in Britain with her first novel A Dangerous Weakness. Following in the footsteps of Grandma Moses (who did not take up painting until in her 70s), former patent attorney John Root Hopkins turned to art after retirement and had a showing of his works in the American Visionary Art Museum at age 73. Our expectations of the elderly should be changed. Instead of referring to "the aging problem," we should expect our seniors to be productive throughout the lifespan. (481 words) Target reading time: 5' 00" Actual reading time: ______ Your reading rate: ______ words/min.

What is the difference between the aging brain and the younger brain according to the passage?

What is the common characteristic between the aging brain and the creative mind?

In which way does the state of broadened attention contribute to creativity?

Why does the function of self-conscious awareness and emotions decline in the aging brain?

Why does the author mention Millard Kaufman?

What will happen when the creative spirit stirs?

What should you do in the first stage of creative problem-solving?

Which is NOT the barrier to our creativity?

What do we know about the unconscious mind?

Why is daydreaming helpful in boosting creativity?

Who launches the recent move to designate China as a currency manipulator?

What was regarded by Washington as a threat to the economic dominance of the United States in the early 1980s?

When was China accused of currency manipulation by the United States for the first time?

What is the result of branding China as a currency manipulator?

What did the former US Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers think of the move to label China a currency manipulator?

Why do some students feel nervous about what to expect when they return home after an extended absence?

Why does the inner conflict over returning arise?

Why should you go home when you hesitate over whether to return?

What's the author's suggestion when you want to rebel against a house rule?

According to the author, what is a pleasant relief?

Compared with expert men, what are the learned good at?

What kind of people show contempt for studies?

What does the author mean by "some few to be chewed and digested"?

What benefit can logic and rhetoric bring to learners?

Why did the author suggest studying the schoolmen if a person's wit were not apt to distinguish or find differences?

Look up the words in the dictionary which troubled you most while reading, and write down the meaning of the words in the passage.

Review the passage, copy the expressions or sentences which impress you most and try to recite them.

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