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As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a harmful impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being. It happens to most of us, but is it inevitable? Neuroscientists (神经学家) are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive (认知) functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. However, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort. Now, a new San Francisco Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Called Lumosity, it was designed by some of the leading experts in neuroscience and cognitive psychology from Stanford University. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That's because they have integrated these exercises into a web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing--much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.【缺少答案，请补充】

A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the food. Pest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter food. They say the first line of defense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored. Floors, food preparation surfaces and tools can be disinfected with chemicals like chlorine (氯), iodine (碘) or bromine (溴). Food containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and about half a meter away from any walls. Storage areas should be kept dry and clean. Containers for raw materials such as rice, wheat, etc. should be kept closed and clean. Any foodstuff split during delivery or handling should be cleared up both inside and outside the building. Pests enter a building from the outside, so pay attention to outer walls. Small stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live. Check that doors and windows are completely closed. Also any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filled. Rats can enter through a hole the size of a coin. A mouse can pass through a hole half that size. Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employees. This will aid the efforts and also help prepare for any inspections. In most countries, there is a food and drug administration bureau, or some agency with a similar name, which enforces rules nationwide, responsible for rules about the use of pesticides, etc. However, businesses where food is stored, prepared or sold must also follow state and local health laws. Most of these governmental departments or bureaus have their websites with information about food safety policies and other issues. People can easily access the information.【缺少答案，请补充】

Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart. Last Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100th anniversary of the signing of a friendship agreement called the Entente Cordiality. The agreement marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership. But their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century. Just last year, there were fierce disagreements over the Iraq war - which British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported despite French President Jacques Chirac speaking out against it. This discomfort is expressed in Blair and Chirac's body language at international meetings. While the French leader often greets German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder with a hug, Blair just receives a handshake. However, some political experts say the war in Iraq could in fact have helped ties. The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world. But this doesn't stop 12 million Britons taking holidays in France each year. However, only 3 million French come in the opposite direction. Surveys show that most French people feel closer to the Germans than they do to the British. And the re-search carried out in Britain has found that only a third of the population believes the French can be trusted. Perhaps this bad feeling comes because the British dislike France's close relationship with Germany, or because the French are not happy with Britain's close links with the US. Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of "doubtful friendship", they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here's one: What's the best thing about Britain's relationship with France? The English Channel.【缺少答案，请补充】

Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own. Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one's free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature. Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight's (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.【缺少答案，请补充】

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person's conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.【缺少答案，请补充】

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is "no". It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works. The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations, Einstein's ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.【缺少答案，请补充】

A Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome. Human normally have 23 pairs of chromosome, or 46; however, people with DC have 47. These infants typically have a wide face, short neck, slanted eyes, and are mentally retarded, that is, with low intelligence. They are likely to have kidney or heart problems, and adults rarely live beyond 50 years, but they are generally happy people with optimistic personalities. It is possible for a woman of any age to have a baby with DS, but it occurs more often in older women. For all women, the rate is one baby with DS out of 800 born, but this increases to one out of 80 for women over 35. So doctors suggest that women in this age group get tested for the condition if they become pregnant. Besides DS, there are several other disabilities that are caused by "mistakes" in our genes. Years ago, children with disabilities couldn't attend public schools or get jobs. They usually went to institutions where they were kept for the rest of their lives. However, attitudes have changed in recent decades, thanks to parents with disabled children. In 1975 a law called Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was passed in the United Stated. This law stated that all children with physical and mental disabilities had the right to an education, so schools were required to offer classes to meet their needs. Colleges began offering courses in "special education" to train teachers in new method. This change in attitude made it possible for children with disabilities to get an education. Parents formed support groups, helping each other find good schools, recreation activities, and sports centers for their children. No longer were these children kept at home or in institutions. They could go to school with normal children and learn-and later be trained to do simple work and earn money. They could then live in group homes and support themselves like other people. In 1968, the Special Olympics, a competition for children and adults with disabilities, were held for the first time in Chicago, Illinois, with 1,000 participants. Today they are held every other year, with 2.25 million athletes participating in 150 countries around the world. People with disabilities are no longer ignored or institutionalized; they are part of a lively community of special people who are now able to contribute to society.【缺少答案，请补充】

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