【新】万试通五年英语解析版真题（2025-2021）_202601071054...

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function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ n.功能；职责____

mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n.使命；飞行任务____

ingredient /ˈɪnɡriːdiənt/ n.成分；要素____

The new study comes from researchers at the National Institutes of Health(NIH). As part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in, some 1,800 working-age adults were asked a battery of questions about their lifestyle and work habits, and, crucially, they then agreed to wear an accelerometer—a device to measure their physical activity—over the course of several days. Those data from accelerometers provide a rare opportunity to nail down how much activity the typical American actually does. They show that men or women who work in active jobs do more physical activity on weekdays than men or women working in sedentary jobs. That's perhaps not surprising, but the NIH researchers suggest that it still matters because of an ongoing shift in the economy toward sedentary work. The more surprising finding is the one that compares full-time workers to people who don't work. The study shows that men with full-time jobs do more physical activity than healthy men without jobs.("Healthy man,"in this case, were those men who said their primary reason for being out of work was something other than health or disability.) In fact, even sedentary full-time workers performed more weekday physical activity overall than the healthy non-workers. The results looked very different for women. Women in sedentary jobs did less physical activity on weekdays than their healthy non-working peers. So what drives the gender(性别) difference? The study looks at the patterns, and unfortunately can't provide too much detail about their causes. There could be many possible answers, including, perhaps, different abilities to pay for leisure time activities, or different attitudes about work and physical activity. It could also be that more non-working women than men are choosing to be at home running around full-time after the kids. But the NIH researchers do find evidence to suggest that, whatever causes the difference, healthy non-working women "are replacing work with active pursuits whereas—for some reason—(non-working) men generally are not."【缺少答案，请补充】

The word "sedentary" (Para.1) probably means____.

What is the function of the accelerometers in the study?

Who do the most physical activity according to the study?

What is the significance of the study?

Which of the following is true about non-working women?

Popular fireworks should be replaced with cleaner drone(无人机) and laser light shows to avoid the "highly damaging" impact on wildlife, domestic pets and the broader environment, new Curtain-led research has found. The new research, published in Pacific Conservation Biology, examined the environmental cost of firework displays by reviewing the ecological effects of Diwali festivities in India, Fourth of July celebrations across the United States of America, and other events in New Zealand and parts of Europe. Examples included fireworks in Spanish festivals impacting the breeding success of House Sparrows, July firework displays being implicated in the decline of Brand's Cormorant(鸬鹚) colonies in California, and South American sea lions changing their behavior during breeding season as a result of New Year's fireworks in Chile. Lead author Associate Professor Bill Bateman, from Curtin's School of Molecular and Life Sciences, said that fireworks create short-term noise and light disturbances that cause distress in domestic animals that may be managed before or after a firework event, but the impacts to wildlife can be on a much larger scale. The annual timing of some large-scale firework events coincides with the migratory or reproductive movements of wildlife, and may therefore have adverse long-term population effects on them. Fireworks also produce significant pulses of highly pollutant materials that also contribute significantly to the chemical pollution of soil, water, and air, which has implications for human as well as animal health. Bateman said firework bans at sensitive periods for migratory or mating periods could limit the impact. Drone or other light-based shows could as well. "Other than horses, for which there is some evidence that they can be gradually familiarized with flashes of light, there is very little that can be done to address the disturbing impact of noise from fireworks on animals and wildlife," Bateman said. The future of firework displays may be in the use of safer and greener alternatives such as drones, eco-friendly fireworks or visible-wavelength lasers for light shows. There is growing evidence that these community events can be managed in a sustainable way and it's clear that outdated firework displays need to be replaced by cleaner options that are not harmful to wildlife and the environment.【缺少答案，请补充】

The research team examined the impact of fireworks by____.

Big firework events held at certain periods each year____.

According to the research, what animals can partially adapt to fireworks?

Bateman suggests that a green alternative to fireworks could be____.

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

The past two years have shown that employees desire greater flexibility—and they're willing to change jobs to get it. Flexibility has tremendous benefits for employees, including reduced burnout and greater job satisfaction. However, it can also result in rising coordination costs for managers, large amounts of wasted effort, and the inability to respond quickly to client requests. The brief meetings that once allowed teams to promptly brainstorm solutions and align efforts are now harder to pull together. It can take days to get most members in the same virtual place at the same time (including one person who's half-listening from the dentist's chair). To increase employee flexibility on their teams, managers need guidance and support. Otherwise, they could burn out on the job or check out to find a new one. Here are some ways managers can offer their teams flexibility without breaking under the coordination costs or significantly halting progress. First, rethink when employees works together. For complex tasks that require teamwork, it's not feasible to provide employees with complete flexibility (i.e., the ability to work for any duration at any time). However, returning to the standard in-office work week won't work either. Thus, managers will need to think differently and deeply about project requirements and schedule accordingly. For project-based workflows, managers should carefully chart out the project tasks and timetable and issue an advance request for employees to block a specific set of days for overlapping work during key project phases (e.g., kickoff, mid-point, finalization). For less predictable workflows, matching scheduling bursts with calendar time. For example, during the second week of the month, employees are expected to be working from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., then they're allowed to choose which 40 hours (+/- 10) they work weekly during the rest of the month. Second, rethink who works together. To provide greater flexibility, managers may also need to reorganize their larger teams into multi-team systems of smaller, authorized, and interconnected groups. For example, converting your team of nine into three teams of three empowers them to make decisions and makes it easier for employees to help coordinate their work. Besides, managers must also think more deeply than ever about the structure of their employees' tasks and priorities. Understanding the connections between different tasks is especially crucial for setting priorities to avoid bottlenecks. If everything is a priority, nothing is a priority.【缺少答案，请补充】

Employees desire greater flexibility because it means____.

The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that greater employee flexibility may______.

For managers, increasing employee flexibility______.

The word "block" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to "______".