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What is the good news about people's water use？

What water crisis did the US have in the 1930s?

In the 1970s and 1980s,the Cuyahoga River fire had a positive effect of__.

A remarkable period began in the 1970s when__.

What is the difference between the two campsin their suggested solutions to the water problem.

What is the water problem facing one quarter of India's population?

In addition to the climate) the author thinks another major cause of India's waterproblem is__.

What do we learn about the repor by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration？

What has the sand mafia done to make the water problem worse？

The author suggests at the end of the passage that India's Prime Minister should__.

1 In 2007,when my daughter was seven years old,we wouldbrush our teeth together every night as part of our daily ritual.
To conserve water, we would turn off the faucet after wetting our brushes and turn it back on only to rinse.One night, I didn't turnoff the water fast enough to her liking.She turned off the faucet.made an angry lace at me,and growled,“Turn off the water,Daddy.
The scientists need time."
2007年，我女儿七岁。每晚我们一起刷牙，这是我们每天必守的老规矩。为了节水，我们先把牙刷湿一下就关上龙头，只到漱口时才再打开龙头。一天晚上，女儿认为我关龙头动作不够快，不乐意了。她关上龙头，对我做了个生气的鬼
脸，嘟哝着说：“爸，关上龙头，科学家需要时间。〞
2That statement still rings in my ears today, not only because of her precociousness but also because she was exactly right.We need to conserve our resources to buy ourselves time soscientists can find new solutions to our problems. And this is especially true for water.
这句话至今言犹在耳，这不仅是因为她小小年纪就那么懂事，也因为她完全正确。我们必须节约
资源，争取时间，使科学家来得及找到解决问题的新方法。对水而言更是如此。
3Water is on track to be the most important and most contentious resource of the 21st century. It could replace oil as the strategic resource that triggers geopolitical conflicts.
But with the right solutions, it could also be the one that brings us all together.
水有望成为21世纪最重要、最可能引起争议的资源。它有可能取代石油，成为触发地缘政治冲突的战略资源。然市，如果有正确的解决方法，它也可能成为使我们团结一致的资源。
4In 2003, the late Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley gave a lecture at Rice University's Energy&NanotechnologyConference
Highlighting humanity's top 10 problems for the next 50 years. His list, in descending order of importance, was: energy, water, food, environment, poverty, terrorism and war,disease,education, democracy,andpopulation.
2003年，已故的诺贝尔奖得主理查德斯莫利在莱斯大学举办的能源和纳米技术会议上曾做过一个
讲座，着重谈了未来五十年人类面临的十大问题。他列出的问题清单，按重要性排序，依次是：能源、水、食品、环境、贫困、恐怖主义和战争、疾病、教育、民主，以及人口。
5The reason energy and water sit at the top, ahead of food and poverty, is that addressing them makes subsequent problems easier to deal with. Developing abundant sources of clean, reliable, affordable energy enables an abundance of clean water. An abundance of clean water enables food production and protects the environment. And so forth.
能源和水位居榜首，排在食品和贫困之前，其原因是解决前两个问题，后面的问题就比较容易解决了。开发充足的、清洁的、可靠的、用得起的能源，就能保证有充分的净水供应。有充分的净水就能生产食品，并保护环境，以此类推。
6In many ways, the 1900s was the century of energy conflict. Now, the dawn of a new energy era is just around the corner - with the prices of solar power going down, and distributed generation and energy efficiency on the point of taking off - and we can foresee a time this century when water replaces energy as the next great challenge for humanity. Getting water right could clear the path to a fully liberated, healthy, and peaceful civilization.
从许多方面讲，20世纪是能源冲突的世纪。现在，随着太阳能的价格下降、分散发电即将大范围推广，能效即将大大提高，新能源时代的黎明即将到来。我们可以预见，本世纪某个时候，水将取代能源，成为人类下一个巨大挑战。恰当解决水资源问题，能为我们走向一个彻底解放的、健康与和平的文明扫除障碍。
7But water is complicated. First, there's no alternative.Thereare alternatives to coal and petroleum, but water cannot be replaced.Second, water is intertwined with every other sectorbhof society. Energy production requires water for cooling powerplants and fracturing shale.Agriculture needs water forirrigation.Industry and cities use trillions of gallons of water forall sorts of purposes. Third, water demands are growing at the same time supplies are fuctuating.Climate change is expected to intensify droughts and floods while shifting where water willbe and when. That means humanity will be confronted withdecisions about whether to move people to water or water to people.
但水的问题很复杂。首先，它没有替代物。煤和油都有替代物，但水不能被取代。第二，水和社会的每个方面都有纠结，能源生产要靠水来冷却发电厂、压裂油页岩，农业要水灌溉，工业和城市因各种用途要消耗数万亿加仑的水。第三，水的需求量在增长，而供应量却上下波动。气候变化会加剧旱灾和水灾，并改变降水的时间和地点。这意味着人类将面临抉择，是让人移居到有水的地方，还是把水引向有人的地方。
8Thankfully, there are solutions. Some are large, incredibly expensive, andenergy-intensive, such as building crosscontinent water-transfer aqueducts, new hydroelectric dams, and massive desalination plants. Someare small.such as using micro waterharvesters that condense water vapor out of the air. All of them take a while.
谢天谢地，水问题有办法解决。有的办法规模宏大，资金和能量的耗费高得难以置信，如建造跨洲的运水渠、新的水电站、大型海水净化厂。有些办法是小型的，如用微型集水器把空气中的水汽凝集成水。所有这些办法的实际应用都还需要一段时间。
9 In April 1961,President John F Kennedy said,“If we couldever competitively-at a cheap rate - get freshwater fromwould really dwarf any other scientific accomplishments."Thatwas one month before his famous moon-shot speech. Beforethe decade was over, we sent man to the moon and back.Butwe still haven't found a solution as to how to get freshwaterfrom saltwater without a lot of money and energy.That's mainlybecause our great innovation apparatus has not been dedicated to water. Research budgets have prioritized energy, defense,andhealth' while mostly ignoring water, even though fixing waterwould help our energy,defense,and health problems.If we spentas much money looking for water on Earth as we do searchingfor it on Mars,the outcomes might be very different.
1961年4月，约翰F-肯尼迪总统说：“如果我们能有竞争力地一一也就是以低廉的价格一一把海水净化成淡水，这将有利于人类的长期利益，这一成就将使其他所有科学成就都显得沙小。〞这是他在著名的登月演说前一个月说的话。他讲话后不到十年，我们把人送到月球并成功返回，但我们仍未找到一个办法，可以不花很多钱和能源就把
海水变成淡水。这主要是因为我们并末将宏大的创新机制用到水上。科研预算优先能源、国防和健康领域的项目，而往往忽略了水，尽管解决水问题有助于解決能源、国防和健康方面的问题。
在火星上找水我们花了很多钱，如果用同样的钱在地球上找水，结果就会大不相同。
10 In the end, we can solve the water problem.
But we need aggressive conservation that will buy us time while our inventors get to work.
10 我们最终有能力解决水问题。但我们需要积极地
节水，这会帮我们赢得时间，让发明家寻找方
法。

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