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families havesimilar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to sharedenvironmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environment factor commonly shared by familiesnamely dietary salt, has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that long excess saltintake can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume largeamounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors werecontrolled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension(　　) whereas a few rapidlydeveloped very severe hypertension followed by early death, These marked variations were interpreted to result from
Differences in genetic constitution.
By mating long successive generations of those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt
Intake, aresistant strain (the " R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence theblood pressure sianificantly, in contrast, by mating only animals that auickly develop hypertension from salt. sensitivestrain (the "s" strain) has also been developed.
The availability of these two strains permits investigations possible. They provide a plausible (看似合理的)raboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human hypertension. More important, theremight be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility (　　) of human beings to high bloodpressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium (　　) 22 was an important "tool" inworking out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism (氯化钠代谢) .
The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out .
Passage one
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since

The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their .

The most beneficial results of the research might be .

Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?

of it.But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburah set themselves the opposite problem-howto collect body heat.They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given offby such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is neededto make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings--theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated bypeople and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat andredistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildinas recover heat, but the University's system is the firstto recover heat from some buildings and reuse it in others.
Along the way, Pittsburgh has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies.the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, themore heat he produces.lt is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be ahardworking, overweight male genius.
Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it .