2023工大英语期末复习题库 翻译 十五选十 阅读

Culture shock is the term given to the feelings of surprise,confusion, and disorientatic that many foreigners feel when they live or study abroad Scientists have noted tha everyone experiences culture shock in different ways and for different amounts of tir However, there are five general stages of culture shock that can occur in any order, including excitement, rejection, regression, recovery, and reverse culture shock.

The first phase of culture shock is characterized by excitement because the traveler is interested in all of the differences found in the new country.He or she may enjoy the beautiful new scenery and the delicious new food.While the honeymoon phase is fun and exciting, it also ends fairly quickly as the traveler encounters difficulty adjusting to life in the new country.

Because life is so different in the new country, the foreigner experiences many unexpected difficulties as he or she enters the second stage of culture shock,the rejection phase.This is the time when the foreigner begins to feel irritated or frustrated because of the differences, and he or she may start to complain about the host country.

In the regression phase, the foreigners lovingly remember their home country.They forget about all of the troubles and problems they had in their home country and wish they could return. At this stage, the foreigner will try to regress, or go back, to their home country in some ways. For example, they spend most of the time with other foreigners who speak their native language. Or, they may insist on finding the things they miss from their home country such as food, movies, songs, or books.

Once the regression stage passes, the person moves into the fourth phase, the recovery phase. In this phase, the person becomes accustomed to the new culture. Communication i easier, and the person can conduct daily life without anxiety. It is called the recovery phase because, like recovering from illness, the person finally begins to feel good again.

Since the person has accepted the new culture, returning to the home country might be difficult. Reverse culture shock happens when a traveler returns home only to realize that he or she misses the foreign country. They see problems with their own home country, or maybe they do not like the recent changes that have occurred while they were abroad.

America may need millions of teachers and administrators, but that doesn't mean getting into a good education school will be a cinch(容易的事).Thanks to calls for higher teacher quality and an influx ofapplications from people who suffer badly from recession(经济不景气)， competition for a spot in a top-tier master’s progran has gotten a lot tougher over the past few years.

Besides solid grades -Harvard, for one, likes to see a minimum 3.5 undergraduate GPA(平均绩点分) and solid content in a subject specialty-experience is strongly encouraged"That could be someone who has been involved with Boy Scouts(童子军)，summer camp Sunday school, or a person who has raised children,”says Mary Poplin,Dean of Claremont Graduate University’s Education School in Claremont,Calif. Admissions deans are also on the lookout for anyone who has been involved in some sort of social work.“Are you making the campus a better place? What kind of commitment do you have to social justice?”are some of the questions asked by the admissions officer at the University of Connecticut’s School of Education.And naturally, spending some time teaching for the Peach Corps, Teach for America, or as a substitute would help too. If you haven’t spent time with children in a classroom, says Joanne McNergney,Assistant Dean of Admissions at the Curry School at the University of Virginia, “it can be a real shock to your system.”

There is hope, however, if your GPA is not so good.Several schools accept students with GPA as low as 2.75,such as Towson University in Maryland. And some schools weigh experience and goals more heavily than academics. At Curry,for example,a definitive “goal statement” could redeem an unimpressive undergraduate career. “It’s your opportunity to talk about who you are and if you were immature as an undergraduate, and most important. what you want to do beyond helping people,” says McNergney.

Master’s programs vary widely. Some target professionals or experienced teachers. If your teaching experience is limited, find programs that are going to put you in the classroom. Look for a graduate program that has a strong relationship with a good public school. If you are not sure in which environment you’d like to teach urban, suburban, rural - you might want to choose a school like the University of Connecticut that exposes students to teaching in all three.

Believe it or not, there is a whole generation of young people who would love to own a personal airplane but who have little or no interest in learning to fly. To satisfy demand from this new kind of traveler, futurists dream of building airplanes that will fly themselves with minimal input from their oocupants(用户)Rather than planning a flight, checking weather and attending to all the other duties of pilot-in-command, the operators of these future aircrafts will simply hop in the front seat, press a few buttons (or merely speak to the flight computer) to input the desired destination and then kick back while the virtual(虚拟的)pilot does all the flying.

It’s hard to imagine what level of understanding of aerodynamics(空气动力学)or aviation rules and regulations the operator of such a futuristic airplane would be required to possess, but for this concept to work the answer quite probably would have to be very little to none. After all, a “pilot"who is so far removed from the decision-making processes and the actual hands-on flying of the airplane shouldn’t be depended on to take over in an emergency. Instead, these future general aviation airplanes will be little more than passengercarrying UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicle[无人驾驶航空器]).

In such cases, trained pilots on the ground could be given access to the airplane’s controls through a secure datalink(数据链) connection, enabling the remote operator to take over - for a fee, of course. It’s similar to a concept now being debated in the airline world, where future Boeing and Airbus jetliners would have only one pilot physically on board the airplane with ground-based copilots available to step in as needed.

We may not like the idea, but as we’ve seen in the UAV world, such operations are already possible. As the technology evolves and matures to enable airplanes to fly and land automatically without any help from humans, there's no reason why airplane manufacturers(制造商) 20 years from now might not start offering a cockpit as optional equipment.

NASA is now trying to make a spaceship that is much better than other ships.

If we look at the things we need for our super spaceship, there seems to be one that is the most important. The spacecraft has to be as light as it can be. Weight costs money!

A new discovery might allow spacecraft to be lighter. Imagine something that is stronger than steel but also weighs less. A new material called a“carbon nanotube”(碳纳米管)might be the answer to the weight problem of building a super spaceship. This material is 600 times stronger than steel.

One of the big problems with space travel is the radiation that’s in space. On Earth, our atmosphere protects us from radiation. In space, however, astronauts need protection against harmful rays.

You might think that the metal on a spaceship is the answer. But, metals are the worst for shielding against very dangerous space rays. These rays are made of little pieces called ions(离子). When the ions hit metals at very high speeds, they can break an atom and cause another type of ray to form. These new rays can be worse than the radiation the metal skins were supposed to stop.

You see why it is so important to block out these rays.

But, we could use carbon nanotubes to make the skins of spacecraft. Nanotubes look a little like chicken wire that is too small to see.

Things that are light in weight seem to work the best against these ions. When the rays hit lighter things, very little new radiation is made.The rays are stopped outside the spacecraft and new rays aren't made.

In addition, our super spaceship needs to be able to repair itself. This might really be possible. Humans can feel the smallest pinpricks(针刺) because of tiny sensors that sen signals to our brains. Tiny sensors like ours could be built in the new ships. Each sensor could send messages to the computer “brain" of the spacecrat. If something needed to be fixed, the Ecomputer could tell the ship to do it.

Just as amazing as a car would be to someone 200 years ago, our nanotube spaceship might seem to us. We might actually make the spacecraft of tomorrow, using the technology of today.

Finding a new job can be extremely challenging - and lengthy, even for the most experienced professional. For the best chance of securing a great new role, you will need to invest a substantial amount of time, energy and effort into the process.

No matter how well you prepare for your job search, finding a new role will probably take longer than anticipated(预料).The reality is that finding - and securing - a great job could take several months, particularly if you’re at the senior level. Try to accept this reality at the start of your job search, so that you can maintain perspective and avoid feeling disheartened if things don't immediately go your way.

Finding a newjob can be tough, so it’s critical to try and keep a positive outlook, both for your own emotional well-being as well as for the impression you give to potential employer To avoid letting your job search consume(耗竭) you, try to maintain a healthy balance your life. Make time for friends, regular exercise, rest and relaxation. Think about yo past achievements regularly, and the unique talents you have to offer a potential employer Remember - your job search will be more effective if you are upbeat(积极的),healthy an optimistic.

Unfortunately you can’t control how fast a potential employer calls you back, or wheth or not you get offered an interview. Rather than worrying about things that are out of you hands, focus your energy on the things you can control. Refining your CV(简历), broadenin your network, learning new skills or staying up to date with industry developments are constructive ways to progress your job search and make the most of your time.

The best way to keep your job search organized and productive is to set a schedule and stick to it. Think of your search as real work - something with a “start” and “end” time each day. Set daily goals and track your progress, so you can have a sense of accomplishment at the end of the week. Having a set routine and structuring your day will help you to remainbboth efficient and constructive.

It’s that time of year when college students pack up their dorm rooms and head home for the summer. With their eyes focused on next September, they put together a resume and pound the pavement(徘徊街头找工作) to find a summer job - ANY summer job.

Many of these jobs will be a less-than enjoyable means to an end so that students car scrape together(东拼西凑) enough money for next semester. If your summer job doesn’t fit your idea of the perfect job, it’s easy to adopt the mindset “Ijust need to get through the ner few months and I won’t have to do this ever again.”

It’s easy to take a short-term view, but I’d like to reframe what you think of that summer job and how you can use it to help you improve your future jjob prospects.

Think about what will happen in your life when you graduate from college in just a couple of years: You'll probably need to rent an apartment, furnish it, get a car and pursue your career. You may meet a serious romantic partner.

All of these things require credit (ves, ALL of them!). You may need a good credit score to rent that apartment, to borrow money to furnish it, to lease a car. You may, in certain cases, need a good credit report to help you get ajob and keep it. And we’re even seeing romantic rellationships end based over credit scores.

To get all of these things in just a couple of years, and to get these things at an attractive

history. interest rate that you can afford, you need one thing: a record of your good credit habits and 

Your credit report is that record of your credit habits and history, and your credit score is a number derived from that record. You can check your credit report from each of the 3 major credit reporting agencies for free once a year through AnnualCreditReport.com, and you can monitor your credit score for free once a month using Credit.com's Credit Report Card.